PCB Manufacturing (PCB Manufacturing) is a key part of the electronics industry, which involves converting a designed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) from a concept to an actual physical product. The process usually includes the following major steps:

1. Design and prototyping:

   - Design: Use professional PCB design software (e.g. Altium Designer, Eagle, KiCad, etc.) to design the layout, alignment, component placement, etc. of the board.

   - Prototyping: After the design is completed, a small number of PCB prototypes are made for testing and verifying the correctness of the design.

2. Production Preparation:

   - Material Selection: Select the appropriate substrate material, such as FR4, CEM-1, Rogers, etc., according to the application requirements of the circuit board.

   - Manufacturing documents: Prepare Gerber file (accurate data for PCB layout), BOM (Bill of Materials) and other necessary manufacturing documents.

3. Manufacturing process:

   - Inner layer production: Cover the copper foil on the substrate and form the desired circuit pattern by photolithography (Photolithography) process.

   - Lamination: Multiple inner layers are laminated together with prepreg to form a multilayer PCB.

   - Drilling (Drilling): Drill the required holes in the PCB for mounting components and electrical connections.

   - Plating: A layer of copper is plated inside the drilled holes to ensure a good electrical connection.

   - Outer Layer Fabrication: Similar to the inner layer, the outer layer of the PCB is fabricated for circuitry.

   - Silk Screen Printing (Silk Screen Printing): Printing of logos, component locations, connection points and other information on the PCB.

   - Test (Testing): Electrical testing of the PCB to ensure that all connections are correct and no shorts or breaks. 4.

4. Assembly:

   - Component placement (Placement): electronic components (such as resistors, capacitors, ICs, etc.) placed on the PCB to the specified location.

   - Welding (Soldering): through the wave soldering or reflow soldering components fixed on the PCB.

   - Post-processing: Cleaning the PCB, removing excess flux, and checking soldering quality.

5. Final testing and quality control:

   - Functional Testing: Ensure that the board works properly according to the design requirements.

   - Visual Inspection: Check the appearance quality of PCB, including silkscreen, component placement, etc.

   - Quality Assurance: Ensure that the product meets industry standards and customer requirements. 6.

6. Packaging and shipment:

   - Packing: Pack the completed PCBs appropriately to protect them from damage during transportation.

   - Shipping: Ship PCBs to customers or final assembly factories.

PCB manufacturing is a precise and complex process that requires a high degree of skill and quality control. As technology evolves, so does PCB manufacturing to meet the demand for higher densities, higher performance and smaller sizes.